IOTA White Paper

IOTA is a distributed ledger that rellies on spread validation of transactions instead of blocks.  Instead of having miners confirming blocks of transactions, each participant issuing a transaction must approve 2 past transactions.  Thus consensus is reached by destributed, active users.  This data structure, based on Directed Acyclic Graph forms the ledger dubbed “Tangle”.  As described in detail in Serguei Popov’s white paper.Continue reading

Ripple (XRP)

Ripple is a global payments network, RippleNet, based on Ripple Transaction Protocol.  XRP is the digital asset intended to be used as a cross-currency liquidity utility.

RippleNet proposes a distributed financial network for real-time messaging, clearing and settlement.   Continue reading

EOS White Paper

“EOS.IO Technical White Paper

The EOS.IO software introduces a new blockchain architecture designed to enable vertical and horizontal scaling of decentralized applications. This is achieved by creating an operating system-like construct upon which applications can be built. The software provides accounts, authentication, databases, asynchronous communication and the scheduling of applications across hundreds of CPU cores or clusters. The resulting technology is a blockchain architecture that scales to millions of transactions per second, eliminates user fees, and allows for quick and easy deployment of decentralized applications.Continue reading

Gnosis (GNO)

Gnosis is an Ethereum based platform designed for wisdom of the crowd applications.

Gnosis layers enable 3rd party applications targetting market predictions and Ethereum oracles.Continue reading

BRR – CME Bitcoin Reference Rate Methodology

Summary Description

 The CME CF Bitcoin Reference Rate (“BRR”) is a daily reference rate of the U.S. Dollar price of one bitcoin as of 4:00 p.m. London time. It is representative of the bitcoin trading activity on Constituent Exchanges and is geared towards resilience and replicability.Continue reading

BRTI – CME Bitcoin Real Time Index Methodology

Summary Description

The CME CF Bitcoin Real Time Index (“BRTI”) is a real time index of the U.S. Dollar price of one bitcoin. It is representative of current bids and offers of market participants to buy or sell bitcoin on Constituent Exchanges. It is geared towards timeliness and represents an unbiased estimator of the instantaneous bitcoin price.Continue reading

Lumino whitepaper

Lumino Transaction Compression Protocol (LTCP) 

by Sergio Demian Lerner, Chief Scientist RSK Labs

“…The critical insight behind Lumino compression is delta compression of selected fields, from a previous referenced transaction and the aggregate signing of previous transactions, so previous signatures can be disposed. Delta compression is done by allowing each transaction to refer to a previous transaction from the same owner, which is used as a template. Any field can be overridden, and unmodified fields are copied intact.

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Stellar payment protocol

Stellar is a open source consensus protocol, forked out of Ripple.

White paper by David Mazières from Stellar Development Foundation “introduces a new model for consensus called federated Byzantine agreement (FBA). (…) and Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP), a construction for FBA. Like all Byzantine agreement protocols, SCP makes no assumptions about the rational behavior of attackers. Unlike prior Byzantine agreement models, which presuppose a unanimously accepted membership list, SCP enjoys open membership that promotes organic network growth. Compared to decentralized proof of-work and proof-of-stake schemes, SCP has modest computing and financial requirements, lowering the barrier to entry and potentially opening up financial systems to new participants”