Anonymity in international sanctions

As we see often discussed we see again the two sides of anonymity can be seen in how countries are dealing with regulatory acceptance of cryptocurrencies.

On the one hand this is a potential opportunity for countries such as Russia, Iran, and Venezuela move funds around international sanctions. Or in a more radical take hacking promoted to national policy, such as reports about North Korea.

On the other we see countries that are embracing cryptocurrencies by making it part of legal financial system. As the case of Japan shows, countries do so at the same moment they close the door for currencies such as ZCash, Monero and Dash.

Fact is that despite the apparent anonymity behind a bitcoin address (or ETH, and many others) if such address is tagged, coins that touched that addressed can be traced in the blockchain. In theory, forever. So that if a country tries to fund terrorism by sending bitcoin it may not only hint to the world such relation but also see a VOID stamp spread through all channels having (bitcoin) relations to that group.

Financial authorities of countries embracing Blockchain this feature comes handy. That is, of course, if you don’t let really anonymous cryptocurrencies such as XMR, Dash and ZCash touch same pools as Bitcoin, Ether et alli.

How Futures Trading Changed Bitcoin Prices – published by Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco

Researchers Galina Hale, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Marianna Kudlyak, and Patrick Shultz posted on Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco an economic letter relating Bitcoin price peak and collapse at the time of CME futures debut.

As any attempt to explain price movements, this implies in a very selective analysis of historical data and forces in play.  And nailing a single influence from having more available short selling instrument is likely oversimplistic.  However, article does point to a general effect from trading behaviour – as could be ‘buy the rumors sells the news’ – that may give an insight for next similar events.

“…The peak price coincided with the introduction of bitcoin futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The rapid run-up and subsequent fall in the price after the introduction of futures does not appear to be a coincidence. Rather, it is consistent with trading behavior that typically accompanies the introduction of futures markets for an asset…”Continue reading

Polymath (POLY) – Securities Token Platform

Polymath platform is designed to ease financing, creating, issuing and listing securities tokens.

POLY is the underlying economic unit of the platform, with a limited issuance of 1 billion minted tokens.  Primary buyers of tokens must use POLY that are then transferred to issuers.  Issuers use their POLY to compensate participants of the token creation process.  Participants that can be compensated in POLY include legal delegates, developers, and KYC providers.

 

Cryptocup

CryptoCup is an Eth based game.  Predictions of world cup games can earn participants points.  Points are assigned to ERC721 tokens.

Each ERC721 token represents each player predictions.  Prize pot is distributed to players holding ERC721 tokens through smart contract execution.

As a reminder, ERC-721 tokens are not fungible.

Ticket sales open May 10th

Collaborative AI ?

May 2nd, 2019.  Five hundred years ago today, Leonardo da Vinci died.  Some say he was the last man to master frontier knowledge in all scientific fields. 

The AI arms race appears destined to follow an unavoidable concentration pattern.  Almost as the natural consequence of the fact that corporations leading the AI development embed the winner-takes-all economy we live in.  It is hard to avoid top companies hoarding AI scientists.  Not to mention the prize at the end of the rainbow – singularity – that would potentially be the ultimate step when the first in closes the gates for others.  One AI to rule them all, so goes the omen.

For the last few hundred years, scientific progress has been a key drive for productivity and economic value creation.  And this very science – built by Newton, Bayes, Godel, Turing, Bohr, to name a few – is the giant shoulder AI stands on.  If we look back, despite the glorious contribution those geniuses individually made, the nature of the scientific progress in unquestionable a collaborative one.

Not that all science is to be replaced by AI, of course.  For the time being, at least.  Some science is, though.  Additionally, a big part of scientific production now relies back on AI.  It is hard to imagine theoretical physics, chemistry, or genetics nowadays without AI.   This feedback loop would place scientific production into an analogous winner takes all path.  Competition, not collaboration, would be the way to go.

Now: is it so?  Let me dare to propose not:Continue reading

Metronome (MTN) – cross-chain cryptocurrency

Metronome proposes multi chain portability to achieve endurance and enhance decentralization.

In a system managed by autonomous smart contracts, decentralization provides MTN community with self governance.

Portability is an key feature of the project.  Cross chain property allows tokens to longer endurance in the event new, smarter chains are available and mainstream.

One positive result of cross-chain ability could be broader price discovery.  And if trading interest gets critical mass in multiple chains this could grant greater price stability to MTN.

Check their owners manual, and see how this predictable supplied, cross-blockchain, ERC-20 compliant token presents itself.

Gemini – Nasdaq : market surveillance

For those who see censorship resistance as one the unquestionable benefits of a decentralized system, ‘Market Surveillance’ is a plague deserving exorcist remedy.  Now if get clear, trading or holding assets in exchanges should never be considered a really trustless decentralized enviroment anyway.

One should not be surprised if initiatives such as GEMINI TO LAUNCH MARKET SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY IN COLLABORATION WITH NASDAQ start to pop in many places.  And that as in other markets, established businesses actually benefit or regulated or standardized ‘best practices’ as a barrier to new comers.Continue reading

PeckShield token bugs tracker

Recent suspension of ERC-20 tokens by exchanges (at least Okex, Huobi, Changelly, HitBTC and reportedly others) draws attention to bad coding inside smart contract tokens.

In such environment it may prove useful to develop (or understand and use) a system as outlined in this post by PeckShield.

System scans token transfers and send alerts of suspicious transactions.  With that filter one can then attentively look into the potentially bugged contract.

Is Bitcoin halal or haram?

Working paper by Mr. Muhammad Abu Bakar – Mufti certified by the Jamia Darul-Uloom in Karachi, Pakistan under the supervision of Respected Sheikh Mufti Taqi Usmani – proposes s critic cut on Shariah status of bitcoin.

Interesting paper including exposure on history of money. development of Bitcoin, blockchain, Islamic property definitions and practices, and Bictoin in light of previous Fatwas.

Skipping to conclusions of the working paper:

  • Blockchain is evolving, so should Shariah opinions as scholars do their own research
  • Blockchain may act as a ledger recording value and cash transfers.
  • Depending of jurisdiction and legal status, Bitcoin could be seen as permissible.
  • Store of value, welath and data integrity arguably permissible.  Buying  cryptocurrency for investment purposes is not advisable.
  • Beware of ponzi schemes.

‘An Equilibrium Valuation of Bitcoin and Decentralized Network Assets’ by Emiliano S. Pagnotta and Andrea Buraschi

An Equilibrium Valuation of Bitcoin and Decentralized Network Assets

March 21, 2018
Emiliano S. Pagnotta∗and Andrea Buraschi

Great analysis of Bitcoin especially attempted modeling price impacts of censorship resistance, mining costs, network sizes, reward and incentive structure.  Their approach of price equilibrium and the decentralized network economy should be considered in future price models.

“We address the valuation of bitcoins and other blockchain tokens in a new type of production economy: a decentralized financial network (DN). An identifying property of these assets is that contributors to the DN trust (miners) receive units of the same asset used by consumers of DN services. Therefore, the overall production (hashrate) and the bitcoin price are jointly determined. We characterize the demand for bitcoins and the supply of hashrate and show that the equilibrium price is obtained by solving a fixed-point  problem and study its determinants.  Price-hashrate “spirals” amplify demand and supply shocks…”

Read full paper

Neon Exchange (NEX) – off chain 0x

Nex is a new design to crypto exchange: a decentralized exchange with an off chain matching engine.  The idea is to combine the fact that holder should have control of their tokens (as in Dex) but not sacrifice matching engine performance and sophistication (as in centralized exchanges).

The secret sauce of this hybrid creation is on a provable deterministic relation between off-chain matched trades and on chain transaction record.

By running a public specified deterministic protocol, that relation can make sure also fair price matching and on chain settlement.

Initially running on NEO, they plan to include Ethereum and other chains in future development.

NEX, Neon Exchange token, is entitled of a share of fees by their NEX on stake, similar to GAS on NEO.

 

Blockchain Week NYC May 2018

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IMF’s Lagarde advocacy for a level playing field

IMF’s Managing Director Christine Lagarde post “An Even-handed Approach to Crypto-Assets” brings an optimistic view of the potential good side of crypto.  This balances against previous darker post “Addressing the Dark Side of the Crypto World“.

Comparing posts we can see the concerns of crypto usage for money laundering, terrorism funding and criminal activities and how it relates to some key features of cryptocurrencies: decentralization, data integrity, transaction security, digital democratic access.

In broad, Lagarde highlights the role a broad collaboration environment (eg IMF according to her) can help development:

“Just as a few technologies that emerged from the dot-com era have transformed our lives, the crypto-assets that survive could have a significant impact on how we save, invest and pay our bills. That is why policymakers should keep an open mind and work toward ­­an even-handed regulatory framework that minimizes risks while allowing the creative process to bear fruit….Continue reading

Basis : Price-Stable Cryptocurrency

Basis team designed a system that target price stability.  Their premise is that volatile cryptocurrencies are not suitable for many day-to-day applications.

In their white paper co-founders Nader Al-Naji, Josh Chen and Lawrence Diao outline a smart three-token system that besides the core Basis coin,  uses bond and share tokens to expand and contract coin availability.  This systems intends to execute monetary policy towards price stability.Continue reading

Data Commons

It is clear by now that you don’t own your data (arguably neither your money).  Shouldn’t it be the case then that our data takes part of a Data Commons.

The case is building, at least since 2016 but it is gathering supporters among the scientific community.  Examples here, here, and here.

This is cause for appraisal and kudos alright.  And as science gets more and more data hungry, it’s no wonder scientists seek free access to data.

What about the science that will be built using our data?  Open source, creative commons as well?  Right?

 

 

Bitcoin Standard?

Frances Coppola provided an extensive, harsh, critical review of the hyped “The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking” by Saifedean Ammous.

Not that maximalists would change their mind after appointed issues of the book.  All historical perspective is always selective, of course.  And asserting causation to millenia old economic developments might be an useful intellectual tool.

Moreover, Ammous’s book gives us an interesting account of current Bitcoin economic environment, and such is granted by Coppola.

But Coppola’s critique show how one must be careful before any attempt to decree a necessary outcome from historical fact-picking tale.